What are hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are a condition characterized by the swelling and engorgement of the veins within the anal canal due to increased pressure. They can develop as a result of straining during bowel movements, and the condition may worsen—leading to bleeding—due to the immense pressure exerted on these veins. These veins are located specifically beneath the mucous membrane of the anal region. Hemorrhoids are a highly distressing condition for those who suffer from them—whether internal or external—as the pain can be excruciating, often described as a sensation of nerves being severed. Unfortunately, the prevalence of hemorrhoids has risen significantly among both men and women.
Causes of Hemorrhoids:
- Sitting on the toilet for extended periods
- Constant straining during bowel movements
- Pregnancy
- Chronic diarrhea
- Chronic constipation
- Excess weight
- Aging, as the tissues supporting the veins in the rectum and anus weaken and lose elasticity
Symptoms of Hemorrhoids:
- Pain and discomfort in the anal area
- Anal discharge
- Itching or irritation in the anal area
- Prolapse (protrusion) of internal hemorrhoids from the anus
- Potential bleeding
- Swelling around the anal area
- Discomfort after bowel movements
Types of Hemorrhoids:
Internal Hemorrhoids: These are located inside the rectum and are not visible unless they prolapse (protrude). They frequently bleed internally. Patients may feel the hemorrhoids moving in and out. Internal hemorrhoids are classified into grades:
- Grade I: Bleeding occurs.
- Grade II: Hemorrhoids protrude and retract; bleeding may occur during protrusion.
- Grade III: Hemorrhoids protrude and bleed but do not retract on their own; they require manual repositioning.
- Grade IV: The hemorrhoids prolapse (protrude) and, unfortunately, cannot be returned to their position either spontaneously or manually.
External Hemorrhoids: This type involves blood-congested swelling; the blood may clot beneath the skin (forming a lump the size of an olive) around the anal area.
Laser Treatment for Hemorrhoids:
Laser therapy is one of the latest techniques used in anal surgery, distinguished by its effectiveness and excellent outcomes. A diode laser device is used to treat anal hemorrhoids, whereby the physician inserts a very thin catheter into the hemorrhoid.
The diode laser system includes two types:
- The 360-degree laser catheter, used to treat anal fistulas.
- The pointed-tip laser catheter, also used for hemorrhoid cases.